{"id":12461,"date":"2025-06-10T15:42:25","date_gmt":"2025-06-10T15:42:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.torahmates.org\/jewish-resources\/?p=12461"},"modified":"2025-06-10T15:42:26","modified_gmt":"2025-06-10T15:42:26","slug":"lesson-20-tying-and-untying-knots-shabbos-with-rabbi-pinchus-rappaport","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.torahmates.org\/jewish-resources\/lesson-20-tying-and-untying-knots-shabbos-with-rabbi-pinchus-rappaport\/","title":{"rendered":"Lesson 20: Tying and Untying Knots\u2014Shabbos with Rabbi Pinchus Rappaport"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.torahmates.org\/jewish-resources\/lesson-19-how-to-make-an-eruv-tavshilin-shabbos-with-rabbi-pinchus-rappaport\/\">&lt; Lesson 19: How to Make an Eruv Tavshilin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Lesson 20: Tying and Untying Knots on Shabbos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Lesson 20: Tying and Untying Knots on Shabbos\" width=\"1170\" height=\"658\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/vTGIfrfaLRI?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Welcome to Lesson 20. In this lesson, we\u2019ll talk about two of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.torahmates.org\/jewish-resources\/the-shabbos-kitchen-with-rabbi-rappaport-lesson-13-observing-shabbos\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">39 <em>melachos<\/em><\/a><em> <\/em>(prohibited acts) of Shabbos (Shabbat): the <em>melachah <\/em>of <strong>Koshair (\u05e7\u05d5\u05e9\u05e8)<\/strong>\u2014tying knots\u2014and the <em>melachah <\/em>of <strong>Matir (\u05de\u05ea\u05d9\u05e8)<\/strong>\u2014untying knots.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The basic idea is this: one is not allowed to tie a certain type of knot on Shabbos, and similarly, one is not allowed to untie that type of knot on Shabbos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So what does that mean practically? Does that mean I\u2019m not allowed to tie my shoes on Shabbos? Am I not allowed to tie the belt on my robe on Shabbos?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s look at examples so we can see clearly which knots are permitted and which knots are not allowed to be tied on Shabbos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Type of Knot is Prohibited?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>When discussing the <em>melachah <\/em>of Koshair, the definition given by the rabbis is a <strong><em>kesher shel kayama<\/em><\/strong>\u2014a permanent knot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are <a href=\"https:\/\/library.alhatorah.org\/?r1=Mishna_Shabbat_15:1&amp;s1=2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">many different opinions<\/a> among the early <em>poskim <\/em>(rabbis of Torah law)<em> <\/em>about what qualifies as a <em>kesher shel kayama<\/em>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Which knots are prohibited by Torah law<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Which are prohibited rabbinically<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>And which knots are fully permitted<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The goal of this lesson is to cut through all of that and get practical: what should a person do in their home on Shabbos to avoid the <em>melachos <\/em>of <strong>Koshair (tying)<\/strong> and <strong>Matir (untying)<\/strong>? What\u2019s the practical <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.torahmates.org\/jewish-resources\/how-do-i-understand-stringencies-in-jewish-law\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">halachah<\/a><\/em>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Knots You May Tie on Shabbos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Slip Knots<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A <strong>slip knot<\/strong>\u2014a knot that can be undone by pulling one end\u2014is permitted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Example:<\/strong><br>You\u2019re cleaning up after the Shabbos meal and want to store some leftover challah in a plastic bag. You put the challah into the bag and tie it with a slip knot. It will stay closed and keep the challah fresh, and when you want to open it, all you have to do is pull one end and it comes undone. That may be done on Shabbos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Similar but prohibited is tying the plastic bag into itself in a way that it doesn\u2019t just slip open. That\u2019s not a slip knot. You can\u2019t simply pull the end to undo it\u2014you have to untie the actual knot. This is a real knot and should <strong>not<\/strong> be done on Shabbos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">When a Knot Becomes \u201cPermanent\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Let me give you a real-life example. On Friday, I went shopping and bought tomatoes. The cashier tied the bag into a simple, tight knot\u2014the kind you can\u2019t just pull open, and is not permitted on Shabbos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Most people, when unpacking, don\u2019t bother untying that knot. It\u2019s easier to just tear the bag open. That\u2019s a sign that the knot is likely <strong>not<\/strong> going to be undone. It takes on an air of permanence. That could be considered a <strong><em>kesher shel kayama<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So what do you do if you want to eat those tomatoes on Shabbos? Don\u2019t untie the knot\u2014<strong>tear open the bag<\/strong> and take the tomatoes out. That\u2019s fine. But <strong>don\u2019t make<\/strong> that type of knot on Shabbos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Robes, Coats, and Belts<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>You&#8217;re going to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.torahmates.org\/jewish-resources\/making-your-mark\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">shul<\/a> on Shabbos. You put on your coat, and want to tie the belt. If you tie it once, that\u2019s okay\u2014it\u2019s not tight, it\u2019s not permanent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You want to double it, tie it twice? Normally, a double knot would be a problem. But in this case, you&#8217;re just going for a walk or heading to shul. When you get there, you\u2019re going to take it off and untie it right away. You don\u2019t tie it tightly\u2014it\u2019s loose, and it\u2019s made to be undone soon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So even though it\u2019s a double knot\u2014normally a no-no\u2014since it\u2019s:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Loosely tied<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Meant to be undone shortly<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Not intended to last<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2026it\u2019s permitted. That applies to robes, coats, anything similar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What About Shoes?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Most people tie their shoes when they put them on and untie them when they take them off. It&#8217;s not a <em>kesher shel kayama<\/em> &#8211; there\u2019s no permanence to that tie. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So you make a knot, put a bow on top\u2014that\u2019s what most people do. It\u2019s made to be untied within 24 hours, has no air of permanence, so it\u2019s permitted on Shabbos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But what if you\u2019re a little lazy? You don\u2019t untie your shoes when taking them off\u2014you just slip them off and leave the knot in place overnight. Then you slip them back on in the morning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Now you\u2019ve made a knot that\u2019s <strong>not<\/strong> intended to be untied. You shouldn&#8217;t make that knot on Shabbos. If you make this knot, and your shoes come untied and you need to retie them, <strong>make sure this time you untie them when you take them off<\/strong>. Otherwise, if you go several days before untying, it may be considered a prohibited permanent knot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You should not double the knot\u2014that makes it much more permanent. However, it isn&#8217;t so clear that a double knot on your shoelaces is prohibited, as it&#8217;s made only to be temporary. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Untying Children&#8217;s Shoes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>So let\u2019s say you tied your child\u2019s shoes in a double knot Friday afternoon. Now it&#8217;s Friday night, they are going to sleep, and they can\u2019t get it off!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>They&#8217;re crying, they\u2019re uncomfortable. The knot wasn\u2019t made with full permanence\u2014it was just to keep the shoes on better. In a <strong>case of difficulty or pain<\/strong>, even though it was a knot that shouldn\u2019t have been made- which would normally mean that it can&#8217;t be untied on Shabbos- in this case it&#8217;s permitted to untie, as it&#8217;s not so clear that it&#8217;s really a permanent knot, given that it was tied with the intention to undo it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But the right way to do it from the start? A bow over a knot. Tie it that way and untie it when taking the shoes off. That\u2019s the best way to do it on Shabbos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Garbage Bags<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Now let\u2019s talk about garbage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You have a garbage bag with <strong>drawstrings<\/strong>. On Shabbos, you can pull the strings tight. That\u2019s fine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What would you do during the week? You\u2019d probably tie it closed with a double knot. But on Shabbos, you can\u2019t do that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Just tie it once and <strong>pull the strings<\/strong>\u2014don\u2019t go any further. Don\u2019t tie a double knot or even a bow on top. That creates a knot that won\u2019t be untied\u2014a permanent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you have <strong>non-drawstring bags<\/strong>, all you can do is tie it once, but don\u2019t tie it in a knot, or even with a bow. It gives off an air of permanence and shouldn\u2019t be done.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This comes up all the time at shul during <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.torahmates.org\/jewish-resources\/the-sanctity-of-shabbos-with-rabbi-rappaport-lesson-14-friday-night-kiddush-laws-and-customs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">kiddush<\/a><\/em>. People clean up and instinctively tie the garbage bags tightly. <strong>Don\u2019t do that.<\/strong> Just tie it once and set it aside.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tzitzis and Frayed Strings<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Another example: a man comes to shul on Shabbos and checks his <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.torahmates.org\/jewish-resources\/life-begins-at-80\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">tzitzis<\/a><\/em>. He notices the <strong>knots are loose<\/strong>. His first instinct is to tighten them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But just like you can\u2019t tie a new knot on Shabbos, you also can\u2019t <strong>tighten<\/strong> one. That\u2019s considered securing a knot\u2014equivalent to tying it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Also, let\u2019s say one of the <strong>strings is fraying<\/strong>. You want to tie a knot to stop it from unraveling, as if it unravels on the way, it won&#8217;t be considered a string. During the week, you should absolutely do that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But <strong>don\u2019t do it on Shabbos<\/strong>. That small knot, meant to stop the fraying permanently, is a form of <strong><em>kesher shel <\/em><\/strong><em><strong>kayama<\/strong> <\/em>and is at least rabbinically prohibited.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">In Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In the merit of observing these laws of Shabbos\u2014knowing <strong>what to tie, what not to tie, how to tie, and how to untie<\/strong>\u2014may we be <em>zocheh <\/em>to what Chazal (our sages) say:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>If Klal Yisrael (all of the Jewish nation) keeps two Shabbosos in a row, we\u2019ll merit the coming of Mashiach.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>May it be speedily in our days. Amen.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button tm-cta\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.torahmates.org\/sign-up.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Want to learn more about the laws of Shabbos and Yom Tov in-depth, with a study partner? Join TorahMates today!<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Rabbi Pinchus Rappaport is a respected rabbi who received his Rabbinic ordination from Yeshiva of Staten Island, under the tutelage of Rabbi Moshe Feinstein. He currently serves as a rabbi in Brooklyn, NY. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Since halachic opinions vary among the rabbis of different communities, Oorah and Rabbi Rappaport encourage you to direct any questions to, and get halachic guidance from, your local Orthodox rabbi. You may, however, rely on this video and email Rabbi Rappaport with questions in the interim, at <a href=\"mailto:askrpr2@gmail.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">askrpr2@gmail.com<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Shared as a zechus l&#8217;iluy nishmas Moshe Zeev ben Aryeh Leib<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&lt; Lesson 19: How to Make an Eruv Tavshilin Lesson 20: Tying and Untying Knots on Shabbos Welcome to Lesson 20. In this lesson, we\u2019ll talk about two of the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":12474,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"sfsi_plus_gutenberg_text_before_share":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_show_text_before_share":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_icon_type":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_icon_alignemt":"","sfsi_plus_gutenburg_max_per_row":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[35,8,701,551,694,2],"tags":[254,714,15],"class_list":["post-12461","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guides","category-judaism-101","category-mitzvot","category-prayers","category-shabbat","category-shabbat-and-holidays","tag-shabbos","tag-the-shabbos-kitchen","tag-videos"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Lesson 20: Tying and Untying Knots\u2014Shabbos with Rabbi Pinchus 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