{"id":15843,"date":"2026-06-09T18:23:32","date_gmt":"2026-06-09T18:23:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.torahmates.org\/jewish-resources\/?p=15843"},"modified":"2026-06-09T18:30:13","modified_gmt":"2026-06-09T18:30:13","slug":"why-are-there-twelve-tribes-of-israel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.torahmates.org\/jewish-resources\/why-are-there-twelve-tribes-of-israel\/","title":{"rendered":"Why Are There Twelve Tribes of Israel?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ask the Rabbi with Rabbi Chaim Mintz<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Why is the Jewish nation divided into twelve <a href=\"https:\/\/www.torahmates.org\/jewish-resources\/parshat-vayeishev-appreciation-to-what-extent\/\" type=\"link\" id=\"https:\/\/www.torahmates.org\/jewish-resources\/parshat-vayeishev-appreciation-to-what-extent\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>shevatim<\/em> (tribes)<\/a>, something that in time led to division and even war? Wouldn\u2019t it have been better for the nation to exist as a single entity, allowing for greater unity and peace?<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Rabbi Chaim Mintz responds<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Each Shevet Has a Unique Role<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While all Jews keep the same <em>Torah<\/em> and <em>mitzvot<\/em>, each <em>shevet<\/em> (loosely translated as &#8220;tribe&#8221;) possesses its own unique qualities and spiritual potential, with which to serve Hashem (God).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This division began with the sons of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.torahmates.org\/jewish-resources\/parshat-vayeitzei-our-superpower\/\" type=\"link\" id=\"https:\/\/www.torahmates.org\/jewish-resources\/parshat-vayeitzei-our-superpower\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Yaakov (Jacob)<\/a>. Although the word <em>shevet<\/em> is often translated as \u201ctribe,\u201d its true meaning is a \u201cbranch.\u201d Yaakov was the root, containing within him all of these spiritual qualities, and his sons were the branches, each one embodying a different aspect of those qualities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, Yehudah possessed the qualities needed for leadership, from which his <em>shevet <\/em>would produce kings; Levi had the qualities required for <em>Kehunah<\/em> (Priesthood), performing the <em>avodah<\/em> (service) in the <em>Beit HaMikdash<\/em> (Holy Temple); Yissachar for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.torahmates.org\/about.php\" type=\"link\" id=\"https:\/\/www.torahmates.org\/about.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Torah study<\/a>; and Zevulun for providing material support for Torah study.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is reflected in the blessings of Yaakov to his sons and those later given by Moshe (Moses) to the <em>shevatim<\/em> \u2014 each one tailored to the unique qualities and role of that <em>shevet<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Unity Through Diversity<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When all the <em>shevatim<\/em> unite, combining their unique qualities, they form a more complete Jewish people. <em>Shalom<\/em> (peace) does not merely mean the absence of conflict; it comes from the word <em>shaleim<\/em>, complete. This is why Hashem rests His presence upon the Jewish people only when there is unity among them. Since Hashem is complete, His Presence rests among us only when we are complete, which is only possible when each <em>shevet<\/em> is contributing its unique qualities and unite together as one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Meaning of the Degalim<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This was the secret of the <em>degalim<\/em>, the flags carried by each <em>shevet<\/em> when they were encamped in the <em>Midbar<\/em>. As <em>Rashi<\/em> tells us, the color on each flag corresponded to the color of that <em>shevet\u2019s<\/em> stone on the <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.torahmates.org\/jewish-resources\/parshat-tetzaveh-rejoicing-in-anothers-good-aharons-merit-and-the-secret-of-purim\/\" type=\"link\" id=\"https:\/\/www.torahmates.org\/jewish-resources\/parshat-tetzaveh-rejoicing-in-anothers-good-aharons-merit-and-the-secret-of-purim\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Choshen<\/a><\/em>, the breastplate worn by the <em>Kohen Gadol<\/em>. Additionally, each flag bore an image representing that <em>shevet<\/em>. On the surface, the flags served to identify each tribe\u2019s place within the encampment \u2014 but surely the Jewish people could find their own camp without a special banner. What, then, was the deeper purpose?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The flags were declarations of purpose. Colors represent different ideas and qualities; red, for instance, represents <em>din<\/em>, divine judgment. The colors and images on each tribe\u2019s flag expressed its unique spiritual qualities and calling, serving as symbols of the 12 Tribes of Israel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Lessons From the Angels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This also explains why, when the Heavens opened up at Sinai and the Jewish people glimpsed the <em>malachim<\/em> (angels) arranged in formations under their own flags, they longed to have flags of their own (<em>Bamidbar Rabbah<\/em> 2:3). What was so wondrous about this sight? Each angel is created for a singular purpose, and the flags expressed that purpose. It was the clarity and expression of each <em>shevet<\/em>\u2019s unique calling and abilities that the Jewish people yearned for.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A Complete Nation Centered on the Mishkan<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yet the flags expressed more than individual identity. The <em>shevatim<\/em> camped and traveled in a precise formation, in groupings of three with defined sides. Each group was placed in a specific direction \u2013 north, east, west and south \u2013 according to its unique spiritual and physical influence, and its relationship to the others, so that together they formed a single, complete entity. And at the center of this formation stood the <em>Mishkan<\/em> (Tabernacle), the resting place of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.torahmates.org\/jewish-resources\/is-g-d-seeking-shelter\/\" type=\"link\" id=\"https:\/\/www.torahmates.org\/jewish-resources\/is-g-d-seeking-shelter\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Shechinah<\/em> (Divine Presence)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Challenge and Opportunity of Differences<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Although this system could be the cause of jealousy and <em>machloket<\/em> (dispute), it is just like every opportunity in this world which comes with challenges. And this was the ultimate way for each <em>shevet<\/em> \u2014 and the Jewish people as a whole \u2014 to reach its true unity and greatest potential.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">In Short<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Each <em>shevet <\/em>has unique qualities with which to serve Hashem, and when they join together, they form a greater, more complete whole.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button aligncenter tm-cta\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.torahmates.org\/application\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Learn how your unique strengths can contribute to something greater through free Torah study with a TorahMates learning partner.<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:18px\"><em>Written by Rabbi Aaron Shapiro<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:18px\">Have another question to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oorah.org\/asktherabbi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ask a rabbi<\/a>? You can ask Rabbi Mintz your own question by joining&nbsp;Ask the Rabbi Live on Tuesdays at 9PM ET. You can also submit your questions to&nbsp;<a href=\"mailto:asktherabbi@oorah.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">asktherabbi@oorah.org<\/a>, or head to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oorah.org\/asktherabbi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">oorah.org\/asktherabbi\/<\/a> to watch the latest Q&amp;As.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ask the Rabbi with Rabbi Chaim Mintz Why is the Jewish nation divided into twelve shevatim (tribes), something that in time led to division and even war? Wouldn\u2019t it have [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":15865,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"sfsi_plus_gutenberg_text_before_share":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_show_text_before_share":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_icon_type":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_icon_alignemt":"","sfsi_plus_gutenburg_max_per_row":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[598,30,702,8,9],"tags":[252],"class_list":["post-15843","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ask-the-rabbi","category-bamidbar","category-jewish-philosophy","category-judaism-101","category-weekly-torah-portion","tag-ask-the-rabbi"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Symbols of the 12 Tribes of Israel: Why Was the Jewish Nation Divided? - Jewish Resources<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"What are the symbols of the 12 Tribes of Israel, and why was the Jewish nation divided into tribes? 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